The UPSC Assistant Architect exam is a rigorous test of an aspirant’s architectural knowledge and aptitude.
To aid those preparing for this challenging exam, a deep dive into previous year question papers is essential.
Our Solved paper of the UPSC Assistant Architect paper provides a comprehensive understanding of the exam pattern, the types of questions asked, and the level of depth required in preparation.
Check Others UPSC Solved Questions Papers Also-
UPSC CPWD Assistant Architect 2021: Question Paper 1 Solved
UPSC CPWD Assistant Architect 2015: Question Paper 2 Solved
UPSC CPWD Assistant Architect 2016: Question Paper 3 Solved
UPSC Deputy Architect (MES) 2018: Question Paper Solved
Q Anti-static tiles are usually specified in areas having:
(a) Chemical spillage
(b) High dampness
(c) Several electrical equipment
(d) Movement of heavy machineries
Answer: (c) Several electrical equipment
Explanation: Anti-static tiles are used in areas with a high concentration of electrical equipment to prevent the buildup of static electricity, which can damage sensitive electronic components.
Q The project ‘HABITAT’ Montreal Canada, designed by renowned architect ‘Moshe Safdie’, is an example of:
(a) Prefabricated housing
(b) Low-rise detached dwellings
(c) High-rise apartments
(d) Organic architecture
Answer: (a) Prefabricated housing
Explanation: Habitat 67 is known for its innovative use of prefabricated concrete modules to create a unique, modular structure that offers affordable, high-density housing.
Q ‘Logical Process’ and ‘Magical Abstraction’ are two aspects of:
(a) Architectural design methodology
(b) Structural analysis of a building
(c) Physical planning process
(d) Urban design methodology
Answer: (a) Architectural design methodology
Explanation: These terms refer to the dual aspects of architectural design, where logical processes involve practical and functional planning, and magical abstraction involves creative and conceptual thinking.
Q Design of Jain Temple Complex at Ranakpur is an example of:
(a) Unilateral symmetry
(b) Asymmetry
(c) Bilateral symmetry
(d) 3-dimensional symmetry
Answer: (c) Bilateral symmetry
Explanation: The Jain Temple at Ranakpur is renowned for its intricate architecture, featuring bilateral symmetry, which means it is symmetrical on either side of a central axis.
Q Le Corbusier put forth his Theory of Proportions in a book titled:
(a) The Dimensions
(b) The Modulor
(c) The Golden Section
(d) Towards The New Architecture
Answer: (b) The Modulor
Explanation: “The Modulor” is a system of proportions developed by Le Corbusier based on the human scale, intended to harmonize architecture with human measurements.
Q Providing a protective cap, or course, to an exterior wall is designated as:
(a) Pilaster
(b) Gable
(c) Coping
(d) Template
Answer: (c) Coping
Explanation: Coping is the protective cap or top course of a wall, designed to prevent water penetration and protect the wall structure.
Q Ornamental work of branchlike lines in the upper part of a Gothic window is called:
(a) Tracery
(b) Oriel
(c) Cuspidation
(d) Foliation
Answer: (a) Tracery
Explanation: Tracery refers to the decorative stonework or woodwork patterns found in the upper part of Gothic windows, often in the form of branching lines.
Q Integrity of design concerns primarily with:
(a) Diversity
(b) Continuity
(c) Originality
(d) Unity
Answer: (d) Unity
Explanation: Integrity of design is concerned with the unity and cohesiveness of the design elements, ensuring that all parts work together harmoniously.
Q Arrangement of organs in the human body exemplifies the Design Principle of:
(a) Rhythm
(b) Unity
(c) Contrast
(d) Movement
Answer: (b) Unity
Explanation: The human body’s arrangement of organs demonstrates unity, as all parts function together as a cohesive whole, maintaining harmony and balance.
Q The repetition of windows in large buildings is to impress the viewer by:
- Harmony and balance
- Movement and rhythm
- Space and function
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation: The repetition of windows creates harmony and balance, provides a sense of movement and rhythm, and serves functional purposes by ensuring adequate light and ventilation.
Q Sciagraphy refers to:
(a) The study of screen print
(b) Learning of graphic design
(c) The study of textile design
(d) The study of the geometry of shadow projection
Answer: (d) The study of the geometry of shadow projection
Explanation: Sciagraphy involves the study of how shadows are cast by objects, which is crucial in architectural design for understanding light and shadow effects.
Q The purpose of entourage is to:
(a) Encourage people to draw human figures
(b) Motivate an artist to draw perfectly
(c) Bring a sense of scale and increase the ‘dimension’ of reality
(d) Develop architects to do manual sketches
Answer: (c) Bring a sense of scale and increase the ‘dimension’ of reality
Explanation: Entourage in architectural renderings includes elements like people, cars, and trees, which provide context and a sense of scale, making the design more relatable and realistic.
Q Which one of the following colour groups is an example of ‘Analogous’ colours?
(a) Yellow, red and blue
(b) Red-orange, yellow and blue
(c) Violet, red and orange
(d) Red-orange, red and red-violet
Answer: (d) Red-orange, red and red-violet
Explanation: Analogous colors are those that are next to each other on the color wheel. Red-orange, red, and red-violet are neighboring hues, creating a harmonious color scheme.
Q Who contributed to the ‘De Stijl’ art movement, and also evolved the non-representational form called ‘Neoplasticism’ consisting of a white background with a grid of black lines and three primary colours?
(a) Theo Van Doesburg
(b) Piet Mondrian
(c) Pablo Picasso
(d) Gerrit Rietveld
Answer: (b) Piet Mondrian
Explanation: Piet Mondrian was a key figure in the De Stijl movement and developed Neoplasticism, characterized by the use of geometric forms and primary colors.
Q The term Morphing refers to:
(a) Dramatic transition
(b) Enlargement
(c) Integration
(d) Sudden translation
Answer: (a) Dramatic transition
Explanation: Morphing is a computer graphics technique that creates a smooth transition from one image to another, often used to depict dramatic changes.
Q The term ‘Ghosting’ is used in the context of:
(a) Array of forms
(b) Segmentation of curves
(c) Repetition
(d) Invisible line
Answer: (d) Invisible line
Explanation: In design, ghosting refers to using faint or invisible lines to suggest shapes or forms that aren’t explicitly drawn, helping to visualize different design elements.
Q The minimum time delay required between initiation of successive memory operations is called:
(a) Memory cycle time
(b) Read cycle time
(c) Read recovery time
(d) Waiting time
Answer: (a) Memory cycle time
Explanation: Memory cycle time is the minimum time required between the start of one memory operation and the start of the next, ensuring that data is correctly read or written.
Q When the available RAM is not sufficient for the system to run the current applications, it will take some memory from the hard disc; this latter memory is termed as:
(a) Virtual memory
(b) Auxiliary memory
(c) Buffer memory
(d) Cache memory
Answer: (a) Virtual memory
Explanation: Virtual memory extends the available RAM by using a portion of the hard disk, allowing the system to handle larger applications and multitasking more efficiently.
Q Narrow streets with tall buildings are characteristic of Vernacular layouts of which one of the following types of cities?
(a) Hot-humid climate city
(b) Temperate coastal climate city
(c) Hot-arid climate city
(d) Cool climate city
Answer: (c) Hot-arid climate city
Explanation: In hot-arid climate cities, narrow streets and tall buildings provide shade and reduce direct sunlight, helping to keep the environment cooler.
Q Which one of the following can be used to heat and cool the air in a building?
(a) Air flow windows
(b) Solar apertures
(c) Ducts and plenums
(d) Daylight apertures
Answer: (c) Ducts and plenums
Explanation: Ducts and plenums are part of HVAC systems that distribute heated or cooled air throughout a building, maintaining comfortable indoor temperatures.
Q The term comfort zone is used in relation to which of the following?
(a) Bioclimatic chart
(b) Sun path diagram
(c) Wind square
(d) Sundial
Answer: (a) Bioclimatic chart
Explanation: The comfort zone on a bioclimatic chart represents the range of temperature and humidity where the majority of people feel comfortable without the need for mechanical heating or cooling.
Q ISHRAE stands for:
(a) International Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Engineers
(b) Imperial Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers
(c) Institution for Science of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Engineering
(d) Indian Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers
Answer: (d) Indian Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers
Explanation: ISHRAE is a professional organization in India dedicated to the advancement of the science of heating, refrigeration, and air-conditioning engineering and related services.
Q A building that uses technology, programming and remote control for better efficiency is:
(a) Green building
(b) Smart building
(c) Sustainable building
(d) Eco-friendly building
Answer: (b) Smart building
Explanation: A smart building integrates advanced technology and automation systems to optimize performance, improve energy efficiency, and enhance the comfort and safety of occupants.
Q Ceilometer is used for measuring:
- Cloud Ceiling
- Visibility during Fog
- Fog Density
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 2 only
(d) 3 only
Answer: (a) 1 only
Explanation: A ceilometer is an instrument used primarily to measure the height of the cloud base, which is the ceiling of clouds.
Q Large door, window openings and jaalis are a common feature of traditional buildings in:
(a) Hot and dry climatic zone
(b) Hot and humid climatic zone
(c) Composite climatic zone
(d) Cold and dry climatic zone
Answer: (b) Hot and humid climatic zone
Explanation: In hot and humid climates, large openings and jaalis (perforated screens) are used to maximize ventilation and promote air flow to keep interiors cool.
Q While designing climate responsive building insulation properties of the material play an important role. Which of the following pertains to this consideration?
(a) ‘R’ Value
(b) ‘U’ Factor
(c) ‘K’ Value
(d) ‘I’ Factor
Answer: (a) ‘R’ Value
Explanation: The ‘R’ value measures the resistance of a material to heat flow. Higher ‘R’ values indicate better insulating properties.
Q A multi-storeyed central space within a building, covered on top is:
(a) Courtyard
(b) Plaza
(c) Atrium
(d) Light well
Answer: (c) Atrium
Explanation: An atrium is a large open space within a building, often with a glass roof or large windows, providing light and ventilation to the interior spaces.
Q The repeated sequence of two shapes, changing order of appearance in a directional pattern is known as:
(a) Gradation
(b) Harmony
(c) Balance
(d) Alternation
Answer: (d) Alternation
Explanation: Alternation involves a repeating sequence of elements in a specific pattern, creating a sense of rhythm and movement in the design.
Q Which of the following classic orders provides a column shaft height of 7 times its diameter?
(a) Tuscan
(b) Doric
(c) Ionic
(d) Corinthian
Answer: (c) Ionic
Explanation: The Ionic order is characterized by its slender columns with a height-to-diameter ratio of approximately 7:1, giving it a more elegant and less robust appearance than the Doric order.
Q Which one of the following staircases of same width would occupy the minimum area?
(a) Elliptical staircase
(b) Dog-legged staircase
(c) Spiral staircase
(d) Quarter-turn staircase
Answer: (c) Spiral staircase
Explanation: A spiral staircase takes up the least amount of floor space due to its compact, circular design, making it ideal for areas with limited space.
Q The process of using language to understand one thing in terms of other things is known as:
(a) Analogy
(b) Metaphor
(c) Interpretation
(d) Juxtaposing
Answer: (b) Metaphor
Explanation: A metaphor involves describing one thing in terms of another, often unrelated thing, to highlight similarities and deepen understanding.
Q A tube structure having closely spaced perimeter columns rigidly connected by deep spandrel beams:
(a) Framed tube
(b) Braced tube
(c) Bundled tube
(d) Trussed tube
Answer: (a) Framed tube
Explanation: A framed tube structure consists of closely spaced columns and deep beams around the perimeter of the building, creating a rigid and stable framework.
Q The works of Richard Rogers and Norman Foster could be classified as which architectural style?
(a) Modernism
(b) Late Modernism
(c) Art Deco
(d) Critical Regionalism
Answer: (b) Late Modernism
Explanation: Richard Rogers and Norman Foster are known for their high-tech and Late Modernist architectural styles, characterized by advanced engineering and modern materials.
Q Frank Lloyd Wright designed:
(a) Eco Houses
(b) Usonian Houses
(c) Modular Houses
(d) Eclectic Houses
Answer: (b) Usonian Houses
Explanation: Frank Lloyd Wright designed Usonian Houses, which were affordable, single-story homes with an open floor plan, intended for middle-class Americans.
Q Which of the following are provided at grade changes and hazardous areas of vehicular movement for the benefit of the visually impaired?
(a) Graded sand and gravel
(b) Metal grating
(c) Tactile warning strips
(d) Water channel
Answer: (c) Tactile warning strips
Explanation: Tactile warning strips are used to alert visually impaired individuals to changes in grade and hazardous areas, providing a textured surface that can be felt underfoot.
Q Sound absorption depends on:
- Porosity of materials
- Thickness of materials
- Diameter of perforations
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation: Sound absorption is influenced by the porosity and thickness of materials, as well as the diameter of perforations, all of which affect how sound waves are absorbed and dissipated.
Q Consider the following sounds:
- Impact sound
- Vibratory sound
- Duct-borne sound
Which of the above are structure-borne sounds?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only
Explanation: Structure-borne sounds, such as impact and vibratory sounds, travel through the building structure, whereas duct-borne sound travels through HVAC systems.
Q “Sabine’s Formula” is related to which aspect of building design?
(a) Lighting
(b) Electrical load
(c) Acoustics
(d) Heat transfer through walls
Answer: (c) Acoustics
Explanation: Sabine’s Formula is used to calculate the reverberation time in a room, which is an important aspect of acoustical design.
Q The most important consideration in acoustical design of an auditorium is:
(a) Volume of auditorium
(b) Wattage of sound system
(c) Time of reverberation
(d) Time of relapse
Answer: (c) Time of reverberation
Explanation: The reverberation time is crucial in auditorium design as it affects the clarity and quality of sound, ensuring that speech and music are heard clearly.
Q The process that can produce Honeycomb structure at a molecular level is known as:
(a) Rational polymerization
(b) Honeycomb racial chambers
(c) Polymerizing
(d) Free-living radical polymerization
Answer: (d) Free-living radical polymerization
Explanation: Free-living radical polymerization is a method that can create honeycomb structures at the molecular level, used in advanced materials and nanotechnology.
Q ‘Quattro Libri dell’ Architettura’ was the architecture treatise that had a profound influence on architecture in many countries for a long time. It was written by:
(a) Andrea Palladio
(b) Vitruvius
(c) Leon Battista Alberti
(d) Fillipo Brunelleschi
Answer: (a) Andrea Palladio
Explanation: Andrea Palladio’s “Quattro Libri dell’ Architettura” (The Four Books of Architecture) is a seminal work in architectural history, influencing the design of buildings across Europe and the Americas.
Q Consider the following structures:
- Dolmens
- Stonehenge
- Ziggurat
- Mastaba
Which of the above are tomb structures?
(a) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 1, 3 and 4
(c) 1, 2 and 4
(d) 2, 3 and 4
Answer: (b) 1, 3 and 4
Explanation: Dolmens, ziggurats, and mastabas were used as tombs. Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument but not primarily a tomb structure.
Q Polymorphism refers to:
(a) Homogenizing different materials
(b) A state of being made of many different elemental forms
(c) Heterogeneity of materials
(d) Hybrid materials
Answer: (b) A state of being made of many different elemental forms
Explanation: Polymorphism in materials science refers to the ability of a material to exist in more than one form or crystal structure.
Q Typogenesis refers to the occurrence of a:
(a) New type
(b) Different type
(c) Similar type
(d) Common type
Answer: (a) New type
Explanation: Typogenesis is the development or creation of new types or forms in a given context, often used in design and architecture.
Q A vertical window in a projection built out from a sloping roof:
(a) Casement window
(b) Dormer window
(c) French window
(d) Gable window
Answer: (b) Dormer window
Explanation: A dormer window is a vertical window that projects from a sloping roof, often used to add light and space to attics.
Q Consider the following items:
- Room area
- Verandah area
- W.C. area
- Courtyard area
Which of the above areas are included in plinth area estimation?
(a) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 2 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3 only
Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3 only
Explanation: Plinth area estimation includes the total built-up covered area of a building, including room area, verandah area, and W.C. area, but excludes open spaces like courtyards.
Q Consider the following regarding the rate of an item of work:
- Specifications of works
- Specifications of materials
- Proportion of mortar
- Method of construction
The rate of an item of work depends on which of the above?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 2, 3 and 4 only
(c) 1, 2 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer: (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Explanation: The rate of an item of work depends on the specifications of works and materials, the proportion of mortar, and the method of construction.
Q The carpet area includes the area of:
- The walls along with doors and other openings
- Verandas, corridor and passage
- Bath room
Which of the above are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (c) 2 and 3 only
Explanation: Carpet area includes the usable floor area of a building but excludes the thickness of the inner walls, verandas, corridors, and passages.
Q Consider the following statements regarding estimating and costing:
- The actual expenditure involved to complete a work including incidental, establishment and travelling charges, is called ‘actual cost’.
- The formal acceptance by the administrative department for incurring an expenditure on the work is called ‘administrative approval’.
- The order of a competent authority sanctioning a detailed estimate of the cost of a work of construction or repair is called ‘technical sanction’.
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation: All the statements are correct definitions related to estimating and costing in construction projects.
Q In which estimating method, does the estimator measure the total centre line length of the walls in a building and, considering segments thereof, multiply the respective segment length by other appropriate measurements, to arrive at the total quantity under consideration?
(a) Long and short wall method
(b) Out-to-out and in-to-in method
(c) Crossing method
(d) Centre line method
Answer: (d) Centre line method
Explanation: In the centre line method, the estimator calculates the total length of the centre line of walls and multiplies it by the respective cross-sectional dimensions to estimate quantities.
Q The effective floor area available for use within the building in case of residential apartments is:
(a) Built-up area
(b) Super Built-up area
(c) Floor area
(d) Carpet area
Answer: (d) Carpet area
Explanation: Carpet area refers to the actual usable area within the walls of an apartment, excluding the thickness of the inner walls and common areas.
Q ‘Generic Space’ is otherwise known as:
(a) Sacred space
(b) Specific space
(c) Multi-strategic space
(d) Self-evolved space
Answer: (b) Specific space
Explanation: Generic space, also known as specific space, is designed to be versatile and adaptable for various uses without predefined functions.
Q AMRUT Mission launched by the Government of India stands for:
(a) Alternative Method for Reforms and Urban Transport
(b) Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation
(c) Alternative Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transportation
(d) Atal Mission for Reforms and Urban Transportation
Answer: (b) Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation
Explanation: AMRUT aims to provide basic urban infrastructure and improve urban living standards in Indian cities.
Q Which of the following cities pioneered the Bus-Rapid-Transit (BRT) mode in urban transportation?
(a) Caracas and Lima
(b) Curitiba and Bogota
(c) Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro
(d) Buenos Aires and La Paz
Answer: (b) Curitiba and Bogota
Explanation: Curitiba, Brazil, and Bogota, Colombia, are known for pioneering the BRT system, which has become a model for efficient urban public transportation worldwide.
Q NABARD stands for:
(a) National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
(b) National Banking Association for Rural Development
(c) National Business And Rental Division
(d) National Building Agriculture Reforms Division
Answer: (a) National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
Explanation: NABARD is an apex development bank in India focusing on the rural sector, providing credit and other facilities to promote agriculture and rural development.
Q FRUIT is the acronym for:
(a) Fear of Revitalization Urban-Infill and Towers
(b) Fit to Revive Urban Infrastructure and Towns
(c) Feed to Revitalize Urban Infill and Towns
(d) Fix to Review Urban Infill and Towers
Answer: (b) Fit to Revive Urban Infrastructure and Towns
Explanation: FRUIT stands for initiatives aimed at revitalizing urban infrastructure and towns to improve urban living conditions.
Q The name of ‘Clarence Perry’ is associated with which important concept of town planning?
(a) Radiant city
(b) Neighbourhood
(c) Garden city
(d) Land use planning
Answer: (b) Neighbourhood
Explanation: Clarence Perry is known for developing the neighbourhood unit concept, emphasizing community-centered planning with schools, parks, and local shops within walking distance.
Q CUDS stands for:
(a) Centre for Urban Development Studies
(b) Central Urban Design Standards
(c) Centre for United Development Strategies
(d) Centre for United Developing States
Answer: (a) Centre for Urban Development Studies
Explanation: CUDS refers to an organization or research center focused on studying and advancing urban development practices and policies.
Q ‘Order of Reference’ is the term associated with:
(a) Contract document
(b) Valuation process
(c) Tender document
(d) Arbitration process
Answer: (d) Arbitration process
Explanation: In arbitration, an ‘Order of Reference’ refers to the document that outlines the terms and scope of the arbitration proceedings.
Q Consider a tender in which a contractor undertakes to carry out the project work on plans as further described in specifications, till completion, with supply of materials and labour for a prefixed sum. What is the type of tender called?
- Item rate tender
- Lump sum tender
- Cost plus percentage tender
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 2 and 3
Answer: (b) 2 only
Explanation: A lump sum tender is where the contractor agrees to complete the work as per the plans and specifications for a fixed sum, covering all materials and labor.
Q The firm in which the architect is the principal and will be solely responsible for all the decisions involved in running the office is:
(a) Very large office
(b) Partnership firm
(c) Single proprietorship firm
(d) Limited company
Answer: (c) Single proprietorship firm
Explanation: In a single proprietorship firm, the architect is the principal and solely responsible for all decisions.
Q As per the National Building Code of India, the floor area ratio (FAR) is:
(a) The total area covered on ground floor to the area of plot
(b) The total area covered of all floors to the area of plot
(c) The area of plot to the total area covered on ground floor
(d) The area of plot to the total area covered on all floors
Answer: (b) The total area covered of all floors to the area of plot
Explanation: FAR is the ratio of a building’s total floor area to the size of the plot.
Q An offer made by the contractor to the owner with a view to obtaining his acceptance for construction of a facility is a/an:
(a) Contract
(b) Tender
(c) Easement
(d) Acquisition
Answer: (b) Tender
Explanation: A tender is an offer by a contractor to carry out the work for a specified sum.
Q An upright pipe, with one or more nozzles or spouts, for drawing water from a main, especially for firefighting, is a:
(a) Fire hose
(b) Sprinkler head
(c) Standpipe
(d) Hydrant
Answer: (d) Hydrant
Explanation: A hydrant is used to draw water for firefighting purposes.
Q An arch shaped to develop only axial compression under a given loading is a:
(a) Trefoil arch
(b) Funicular arch
(c) Rampant arch
(d) Segmental arch
Answer: (b) Funicular arch
Explanation: A funicular arch is shaped to carry loads through axial compression, optimizing the structure.
Q If a person has been enjoying light and air to his building from adjoining property or land uninterrupted continuously for 20 years, he gains the right to enjoy the same. The owner of the adjoining property cannot construct anything that can obstruct such light and air. This easement right is known as:
(a) Easement lights
(b) Revas projection
(c) Flying shores
(d) Ancient lights
Answer: (d) Ancient lights
Explanation: The right to light and air uninterrupted for a long period is known as the right of ancient lights.
Q The term security deposit is used for the process of:
(a) Fixed deposit in banks
(b) Tender
(c) Security systems
(d) Safe deposit vault
Answer: (b) Tender
Explanation: In tenders, a security deposit is often required to ensure the contractor’s commitment.
Q Luminaire efficiency is the:
(a) Quotient of the luminous flux leaving the source propagated in an element of solid angle containing the given direction
(b) Quotient of the luminous flux incident on an element of the surface
(c) Percentage of lamp lumens produced that actually exits the fixture
(d) Quotient of the luminous flux incident on an element of the luminaire
Answer: (c) Percentage of lamp lumens produced that actually exits the fixture
Explanation: Luminaire efficiency measures how much of the light produced by a lamp actually leaves the fixture.
Q In which interior designer firm does the Board of Directors legally obligate business?
(a) Limited partnership
(b) Sole proprietorship
(c) Corporation
(d) General partnership
Answer: (c) Corporation
Explanation: In a corporation, the Board of Directors legally obligates the business.
Q A pure colour is described by the term:
(a) Chroma
(b) Tone
(c) Value
(d) Hue
Answer: (d) Hue
Explanation: Hue refers to the pure color without tint or shade.
Q Which one of the following flooring is eco-friendly, available in rolls of various colours and designs, and is laid on already existing floors to improve the floors’ durability and appearance?
- Carpet flooring
- Linoleum flooring
- Glass flooring
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1 and 3
Answer: (b) 2 only
Explanation: Linoleum flooring is eco-friendly and can be used to enhance the durability and appearance of existing floors.
Q The poorest colour combination with regard to visibility for any graphics is:
(a) Red on white
(b) White on green
(c) Black on yellow
(d) Green on red
Answer: (d) Green on red
Explanation: Green on red provides poor visibility due to low contrast.
Q The main materials in the construction of Crystal Palace, Hydro Park London in 1851 were:
(a) Steel and glass
(b) Cast iron and glass
(c) Galvanized iron and glass
(d) Exposed concrete and glass
Answer: (b) Cast iron and glass
Explanation: The Crystal Palace was constructed using cast iron and glass.
Q The factors that contribute to the design of artificial illumination are:
(a) Utilization factor of the fitting and sky component
(b) Maintenance factor and externally reflected component
(c) Sky component and externally reflected component
(d) Utilization factor of the fitting and maintenance factor
Answer: (d) Utilization factor of the fitting and maintenance factor
Explanation: These factors help in designing effective artificial lighting systems.
Q The design of outdoor public areas, landmarks and structures to achieve environmental and social approbation is called as:
(a) Garden architecture
(b) Interior architecture
(c) Landscape architecture
(d) Modern architecture
Answer: (c) Landscape architecture
Explanation: Landscape architecture involves designing outdoor public areas to achieve environmental and social benefits.
Q Balance, symmetry and harmony along with water flow manipulated variously were the highlights of:
(a) Zen garden
(b) English garden
(c) Mughal garden
(d) Spanish garden
Answer: (c) Mughal garden
Explanation: Mughal gardens are known for their balance, symmetry, and water features.
Q Use of wind towers to control the temperature within a building is known as:
(a) Active cooling
(b) Passive cooling
(c) Temperature cooling
(d) Atmospheric cooling
Answer: (b) Passive cooling
Explanation: Wind towers use natural ventilation for passive cooling of buildings.
Q Consider the following types of waves:
- P-waves
- S-waves
- Rayleigh waves
Which of the above are propagated as seismic waves?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation: P-waves, S-waves, and Rayleigh waves are all types of seismic waves.
Q Which of the following is/are the most adoptable option(s) for earthquake-resistant construction?
- Flexible joints
- Base isolation
- Deconstructivism
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (b) 2 only
Explanation: Base isolation is a widely adopted technique for earthquake-resistant construction.
Q What is the file extension for an Auto CAD template file?
(a) DWT
(b) DWG
(c) TEM
(d) DWF
Answer: (a) DWG
Explanation: The file extension for an AutoCAD template file is .dwg.
Q The National Building Code of India has divided the seismic zones of India into:
(a) Nine zones
(b) Six zones with subzones in two of them
(c) Five zones
(d) Four zones
Answer: (d) Four zones
Explanation: The National Building Code of India divides the country into four seismic zones.
Q Transit-Oriented Development implies:
- Pedestrian friendly street design in residential neighbourhoods
- High density development around important transportation nodes
- According priority to public transport in a city
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation: Transit-Oriented Development involves pedestrian-friendly design, high-density development around transport nodes, and prioritizing public transport.
Q Concentric spread is a type of:
(a) Disease
(b) Growth of a town
(c) Hazardous fire
(d) Flood
Answer: (b) Growth of a town
Explanation: Concentric spread refers to the growth pattern of a town spreading outwards in rings from the center.
Q The time duration by which the completion time of an activity can be delayed without affecting the start of any of the succeeding activities is known as:
(a) Total float
(b) Independent float
(c) Free float
(d) Interfering float
Answer: (c) Free float
Explanation: Free float is the amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the start of any subsequent activities.
Q Which one of the following represents an event?
(a) Concrete cured
(b) Selecting sites
(c) Plastering of walls
(d) Fixing of doors
Answer: (a) Concrete cured
Explanation: An event marks the completion of a significant stage or milestone in a project, such as concrete curing.
Q Power stations are generally treated as:
(a) Electrical construction
(b) Industrial construction
(c) Light construction
(d) Heavy construction
Answer: (d) Heavy construction
Explanation: Power stations are considered heavy construction due to their large scale and complexity.
Q Horizontal intermediate member separating a door from a window is called:
(a) Rail
(b) Mullion
(c) Transom
(d) Stile
Answer: (c) Transom
Explanation: A transom is a horizontal beam that separates a door from a window above it.
Q Screen constructed to regulate sun rays entering the building is called:
(a) Brise Soleil
(b) Sun screen
(c) Reva’s projection
(d) Cantilever
Answer: (a) Brise Soleil
Explanation: Brise Soleil is a screen that regulates sunlight entering a building.
Q The software package considered usable for the development of networks is:
- Primavera project planning software
- STAAD Pro
- Harvard Total Project Manager (HTPM)
Which of the above are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (b) 1 and 3 only
Explanation: Primavera and Harvard Total Project Manager are used for project planning and network development.
Q After Project-scope, Layout and Design have been finalized, the areas in which further cost control can be best achieved is:
- Labour
- Plants and equipment
- Materials
Which of the above are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1 and 2 only
Answer: (a) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation: Further cost control can be best achieved in labour, plants and equipment, and materials.
Q Which one of the following materials is capable of taking maximum flexural tension?
(a) Bamboo
(b) Cement concrete
(c) Lime concrete
(d) Brick
Answer: (a) Bamboo
Explanation: Bamboo has high tensile strength and is capable of taking significant flexural tension.
Q The supports given to a dilapidated, or otherwise unstable, building by means of horizontal or inclined members are called:
(a) Shores
(b) Struts
(c) Centering
(d) Scaffolding
Answer: (a) Shores
Explanation: Shores are used to support unstable buildings with horizontal or inclined members.
Q Solar charts for a particular location help to locate:
- Solar azimuth angle and solar altitude angle
- Sun’s position and the Sun path
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2
Explanation: Solar charts help to locate both the solar azimuth angle and solar altitude angle, as well as the Sun’s position and path.
Q ‘Nosing’ is provided in:
(a) Water proofing
(b) Masonry
(c) Staircase
(d) Painted finish
Answer: (c) Staircase
Explanation: Nosing is provided on the edge of staircase steps to improve safety and aesthetics.
Q Which factor is not responsible for thermal heat gain in the human body?
(a) Conduction
(b) Convection
(c) Radiation
(d) Evaporation
Answer: (d) Evaporation
Explanation: Evaporation is a cooling process, not a factor for thermal heat gain in the human body.
Q The atmospheric layer near the surface of earth is:
(a) Troposphere
(b) Mesosphere
(c) Ionosphere
(d) Stratosphere
Answer: (a) Troposphere
Explanation: The troposphere is the atmospheric layer closest to the Earth’s surface.
Q A high Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) indicates that water:
(a) is pure
(b) has high level of microbial pollution
(c) has negligible microbial action
(d) has low level of microbial pollution
Answer: (b) has high level of microbial pollution
Explanation: High BOD indicates high levels of organic matter and microbial pollution in water.
Q ‘LEED’ rating of building stands for:
(a) Local Energy and Economic Development
(b) Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
(c) Local Environmental and Energy Data
(d) Leadership in Economic and Environmental Development
Answer: (b) Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
Explanation: LEED stands for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, a green building rating system.
Q The term ‘GRIHA’ used in connection with environmental performance of buildings stand for:
(a) Green Ranking in Indian Housing Assessment
(b) Green Rating in India for Integrated Habitat Activities
(c) Green Ranking in Innovative Habitat Administration
(d) Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment
Answer: (d) Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment
Explanation: GRIHA stands for Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment, an Indian green building certification.
Q Which one of the following is not a gateway?
(a) Gopuram
(b) Amalaka
(c) Torana
(d) Nandaimon
Answer: (b) Amalaka
Explanation: Amalaka is a stone disk, usually found at the top of Hindu temple towers, not a gateway.
Q The only structure made of marble in the entire enclosure of Fatepur Sikri is:
(a) Salim Chishti Tomb
(b) Diwan-i-Aam
(c) Diwan-i-Khas
(d) Panch Mahal
Answer: (a) Salim Chishti Tomb
Explanation: The Salim Chishti Tomb is renowned for its intricate marble construction.
Q Which of the following have been cited as the objectives of the 74th Constitution Amendment Act?
- Participatory Planning
- Decentralization of Planning
- Review financial conditions of the Urban Local Bodies
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation: The 74th Constitution Amendment Act aims at participatory planning, decentralization of planning, and reviewing the financial conditions of Urban Local Bodies.
Q Consider the following substances:
- Chlorofluoro carbon
- Hydro chlorofluoro carbon
- Halon
- Helium
Which of the above are ozone depleting?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 and 4 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation: Chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, and halons are known to deplete the ozone layer.
Q When rainwater harvesting is undertaken on the roof, the water should be:
- Discharged to ground
- Stored in a closed tank
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2
Explanation: Rainwater harvested from roofs can be discharged to the ground or stored in a closed tank.
Q The area of the earth’s surface necessary to provide resources for a number of specific one-time human needs refers to:
(a) Non-marginalization
(b) Ecological Footprint
(c) Eco-sensitive Approach
(d) Green Development
Answer: (b) Ecological Footprint
Explanation: The ecological footprint measures the amount of Earth’s surface needed to provide resources for human needs.
Q Which one of the following remits is not included under the architect’s service responsibility?
(a) Taking client’s instruction and preparation of design brief
(b) Design and site development
(c) To appoint clerk of works
(d) Structural design
Answer: (c) To appoint clerk of works
Explanation: Appointing a clerk of works is typically not within the architect’s service responsibility.
Q As per the agreement, a contractor agrees to pay an amount of Rs. 1000/- per day after the expiration of the time limit for completing the construction work of an institution building. The above amount which the contractor is liable to pay for non-completion of the work as per terms and condition of contract is termed as:
(a) Default damages
(b) Un-liquidated damages
(c) Liquidated damages
(d) Penalty
Answer: (c) Liquidated damages
Explanation: Liquidated damages are pre-determined amounts specified in a contract that the contractor agrees to pay for non-completion of the work within the agreed time.
Q A set of species found in a well-delineated geographical location, interacting with one another and functioning together to make possible the persistence of life is held to be:
(a) Preserved Area
(b) Ecosystem
(c) Ecological community
(d) Homeostasis
Answer: (b) Ecosystem
Explanation: An ecosystem is a community of interacting species and their environment, functioning together to sustain life.
Q The townhouse has its antecedents in:
(a) Ancient Greek housing
(b) 16th Century Dutch and Belgian
(c) Roman settlement
(d) Islamic urban dwellings
Answer: (b) 16th Century Dutch and Belgian
Explanation: The townhouse, as we know it today, originated in 16th-century Dutch and Belgian urban planning.
Q A living residential environment employed by inhabitants for enhancement of their lives, while providing security for their families, neighbours and friends is termed as:
(a) Defensible space
(b) Secured space
(c) Orderly space
(d) Concordant space
Answer: (a) Defensible space
Explanation: Defensible space refers to residential environments designed to enhance quality of life and provide security for residents.
Q Which one of the following shapes is the most suitable earthquake resistant plan form?
(a) Rectangle
(b) Circular
(c) Square
(d) Irregular
Answer: (b) Circular
Explanation: Circular shapes are generally more resistant to earthquakes due to their ability to evenly distribute stress.
Q NIABY is the acronym for:
(a) None In Any Business Year
(b) Not In Anybody’s Back Yard
(c) No Impressive Affluence in Business Yield
(d) No Intended Action to Bypass You
Answer: (b) Not In Anybody’s Back Yard
Explanation: NIABY stands for “Not In Anybody’s Back Yard,” a term related to opposition to developments perceived as undesirable.
Q Setback (land use) is defined as:
(a) Front margin of building from abutting road space
(b) Longitudinal levelling in reverse direction to improve precision
(c) Settlements of people claiming as backward
(d) Provision of reserve stock – money, materials, etc
Answer: (a) Front margin of building from abutting road space
Explanation: Setback refers to the distance a building must be set back from the property line, road, or other structure.
Q Jan Gehl is renowned for popularizing the concept of:
(a) Monumental urban design
(b) Axis and geometry in urban form
(c) Pedestrian friendly public spaces
(d) Building friendly public spaces
Answer: (c) Pedestrian friendly public spaces
Explanation: Jan Gehl is known for advocating and designing pedestrian-friendly urban spaces.
Q Zoning, in the context of housing developments, relates most to:
(a) Parking zone
(b) Prohibited zone
(c) Non-smoking zone
(d) Density zone
Answer: (d) Density zone
Explanation: Zoning in housing developments often relates to regulating the density of buildings and population in an area.
Q Consider the following for the cultural significance of the place in conservation process:
- Reconstruction
- Restoration
Which of the above is/are relevant?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2
Explanation: Both reconstruction and restoration are relevant processes in conserving the cultural significance of a place.
Q Which of the following are parts of architectural conservation?
- Renovation
- Preservation
- Rehabilitation
- Restoration
(a) 2, 3 and 4
(b) 1, 2 and 3
(c) 1, 2 and 4
(d) 1, 3 and 4
Answer: (a) 2, 3 and 4
Explanation: Preservation, rehabilitation, and restoration are key aspects of architectural conservation.
Q The process of heat transfer through electromagnetic waves is:
(a) Conduction
(b) Insulation
(c) Radiation
(d) Convection
Answer: (c) Radiation
Explanation: Radiation is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves.
Q Star rating of an air-conditioner is determined by its:
(a) Power usage
(b) Compressor capacity
(c) Cooling capacity
(d) Energy efficiency ratio
Answer: (d) Energy efficiency ratio
Explanation: The star rating of an air-conditioner is based on its energy efficiency ratio, which measures its efficiency in using power to provide cooling.
Q The enclosed part of a room projecting into the open space on any upper floor of a building is called:
(a) Balcony
(b) Chajja
(c) Revas projection
(d) Box projection
Answer: (d) Box projection
Explanation: A box projection refers to an enclosed part of a room that projects outward from the main walls into open space.