Mechanical Properties of Building Materials
Building materials play an important role in this modern age of technology. Although their most important application is in construction, no engineering field is developed without their use. In addition, the building materials industry is an important factor in our national economy, because both the pace and the quality of construction work depend on its production. The specific properties of building materials serve as the basis for their division into separate groups. The basic properties of building materials predetermine their application.
The mechanical properties of materials are determined by the application of external forces to them. These are very important properties that are responsible for the behavior of the material during its operation. The important mechanical properties of building materials are: strength, compressibility, elongation, bending, impact, hardness, ductility, elasticity, and abrasion resistance.
Strength
Strength is the ability of a material to resist damage from stress, the most common of which are compression, tension, bending, and impact.
Compressive strength is determined by testing standard cylinders, prisms and cubes – smaller for homogeneous materials and larger for less homogeneous materials. Prisms and cylinders have lower strength than cubes in the same cross-sectional area, on the other hand, prisms with a height less than their sides have higher strength than cubes.
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Hardness
Hardness is the ability of a material to resist penetration by a harder body. The Mohs scale is used to determine the hardness of materials. This is a list of ten minerals in ascending order of hardness. The hardness of metals and plastics is determined by pressing in a steel ball.
Elasticity
Elasticity is the ability of a material to regain its original shape and dimensions after removal of a load. Within the elastic limits of solids, deformation is proportional to stress. The ratio of unit stress to unit strain is called the modulus of elasticity. High value is a material with very little deformation.
Plasticity
Plasticity is the ability of a material to change its shape under load without cracking and to maintain this shape after the load is removed. Some examples of plastics are steel, copper, and hot bitumen.
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