Double Coding Style in Postmodern Architecture

Introduction

Postmodern architecture, emerging in the late 20th century, is characterized by its eclectic approach, embracing historical references, ornamentation, and a playful attitude towards design. One of the distinctive concepts in Postmodern architecture is “double coding,” a term coined by architect and theorist Charles Jencks. This article explores the essence of double coding in Postmodern architecture, its significance, examples, and impact on contemporary architectural practice.

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What is Double Coding?

Double coding refers to the architectural technique of embedding multiple layers of meaning within a single building. These layers often appeal to both professionals and the general public, offering a blend of high culture and popular culture. The result is a design that can be appreciated on different levels, providing intellectual depth and widespread appeal.

Origins and Theoretical Framework

Charles Jencks and the Postmodern Turn

Charles Jencks, a key figure in architectural theory, introduced the concept of double coding in his seminal work “The Language of Post-Modern Architecture” (1977). He argued that Postmodern architecture should communicate on several levels, catering to a diverse audience.

Rejection of Modernist Ideals

Postmodernism emerged as a reaction against the perceived sterility and uniformity of Modernist architecture. Double coding provided a means to reintroduce complexity, historical references, and cultural symbolism into architectural design.

Key Characteristics of Double Coding

Historical References and Quotations

Integration of Classical Elements: Postmodern buildings often incorporate classical architectural elements, such as columns, pediments, and arches, reinterpreted in a contemporary context.
Mix of Styles: A single building might combine various architectural styles, creating a visually and intellectually stimulating experience.

Symbolism and Metaphor

Symbolic Meanings: Architectural forms and decorations are chosen for their symbolic meanings, conveying messages or themes relevant to the building’s function or context.
Metaphorical Design: Buildings may use metaphors to convey deeper meanings, engaging viewers in an interpretive process.

Playfulness and Irony

Humor and Wit: Double coding often involves a playful, ironic approach, challenging traditional architectural norms and expectations.
Ambiguity: The intentional ambiguity in design allows for multiple interpretations, enriching the viewer’s experience.

Notable Examples of Double Coding in Postmodern Architecture

AT&T Building (now Sony Building), New York

Architect: Philip Johnson and John Burgee
Features: The building’s Chippendale top is a playful reference to 18th-century furniture design, while its overall form reflects the grandeur of classical skyscrapers.
Significance: This building exemplifies double coding by blending historical references with modern office tower design, appealing to both architectural connoisseurs and the general public.

Portland Building, Oregon

Architect: Michael Graves
Features: The Portland Building’s facade incorporates classical elements such as keystones and pilasters in a bold, colorful manner.
Significance: It combines high-art references with accessible, popular aesthetics, demonstrating the layered meanings characteristic of double coding.

Impact on Contemporary Architecture

Continued Influence

Double coding continues to influence contemporary architecture, encouraging designers to create buildings that communicate on multiple levels and engage diverse audiences.

Hybrid Designs

Many contemporary architects incorporate elements of double coding, blending historical references, symbolism, and playful design in their work.

Critiques and Challenges

Complexity and Interpretation

Accessibility: While double coding aims to appeal to a broad audience, its layered meanings can sometimes be inaccessible or confusing to the general public.
Misinterpretation: The ambiguity inherent in double coding can lead to varied interpretations, not all of which align with the architect’s intentions.

Balancing Act

Design Cohesion: Successfully balancing multiple layers of meaning without compromising design cohesion is a significant challenge for architects employing double coding.

Conclusion

Double coding in Postmodern architecture represents a fascinating blend of complexity, historical reference, symbolism, and playful design. By embedding multiple layers of meaning within a single building, architects create works that can be appreciated by both professionals and the general public. This approach has left a lasting impact on architectural practice, encouraging a more nuanced and inclusive design philosophy.

FAQs

What is double coding in Postmodern architecture?
Double coding is an architectural technique that embeds multiple layers of meaning within a single building, appealing to both professionals and the general public.

Who coined the term double coding?
The term was coined by architect and theorist Charles Jencks.

Why did Postmodern architects reject Modernist ideals?
Postmodern architects rejected the perceived sterility and uniformity of Modernist architecture, seeking to reintroduce complexity, historical references, and cultural symbolism.

Can you give an example of double coding in architecture?
The AT&T Building (now Sony Building) in New York, designed by Philip Johnson and John Burgee, is a notable example, blending historical references with modern design.

What are the challenges of using double coding in architecture?
Challenges include ensuring accessibility for a broad audience, avoiding misinterpretation, and maintaining design cohesion while balancing multiple layers of meaning.

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