Introduction
Working drawings are an important part of construction and design projects because they provide the information and details that the construction team needs to accurately bring a design to life. These drawings are used to communicate the design intent, specifications, and construction requirements to all project participants, such as architects, engineers, contractors, and subcontractors. Working drawings are various types of drawings used in construction and design, each serving a specific purpose and providing critical information. This article will give an overview of the various types of working drawings and their significance in the construction and design processes.
The working drawings have a distinct organizational structure that is almost universally accepted, and it is as follows:
Architectural drawings: The layout of the building and its use of space are depicted in the core drawings. They convey the structure’s aesthetic value while also displaying the dimensions and placement of all key features. The first architectural drawings in a set typically depict large areas with less detail. The level of detail increases as one progresses through the architectural set. These drawings are prefixed with the letter “A” and numbered sequentially.
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Structural drawings: Show how the various load-carrying systems will transmit the structure’s live and dead loads to the earth. Structural design is built around architectural features. Structural drawings begin with the letter “S” and are numbered sequentially.
Mechanical drawings: Draw a structure’s physical systems, such as plumbing, fire suppression/protection, and HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems. The letter “M” for mechanical or “H” for heating may be prefixed to these drawings. Plumbing drawings begin with the letter “P,” while fire suppression drawings begin with “FP” (fire protection), “SP” (sprinkler system), or “F” (fire suppression) (fire). All drawings are serially numbered and primarily shown in plan view.
Electrical drawings: Describe the project’s electrical requirements, such as power distribution, lighting, and low-voltage specialty wirings such as fire alarms, telephone/data, and technology wiring. They frequently depict the provision for power wiring of the equipment depicted in other types of drawings. They are prefixed with the letter “E” and are numbered sequentially.
Specialty drawings: Display the specific requirements of various spaces’ special uses (such as kitchens, libraries, retail spaces, and home theatre systems). They define how other building systems, most notably the mechanical and electrical systems, interact with one another. The drawings are sequentially numbered and labeled according to their type. For example, “K” could be used for kitchen drawings, “F” could be used for fixture drawings, and so on.
Site drawings: Describe the structure’s relationship to the property, including various engineering site improvements such as the sanitary system, utilities, paving, walks, curbing, and so on. They are sequentially numbered but have a less formal naming convention that is up to the design engineer’s interpretation. Because they only deal with the site, they are easily distinguished from the core drawings.
Drawings for each of these categories will only include work from that discipline. All lines and symbols that are not directly related to that discipline are displayed in a lighter line weight or are greyed out. This aids in the coordination or location of a specific drawing’s work with other drawings that indicate adjacent but unrelated work. Because the vast majority of plans are now created on a computer, greying out a line or feature is a fairly simple and routine process.
Conclusion
Finally, working drawings are critical to the successful completion of construction and design projects. Each type of working drawing serves a specific purpose, ranging from architectural drawings that provide a visual representation of the design to structural drawings that specify technical details and requirements. It is critical that all project participants understand the various types of working drawings and how they fit together to provide a complete picture of the design intent. Construction and design projects can be completed smoothly, efficiently, and with few misunderstandings or errors if accurate and clear communication is ensured through working drawings.
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