UPSC CPWD Assistant Architect 2023 Question Paper Solved:

The UPSC CPWD Assistant Architect 2023 exam was held today, and our team has quickly solved the paper for you. We are providing you with the solved question paper so that you can get an idea of the questions asked in the exam. As this is an initial answer key it might contain few errors. We might have missed a few questions but we’ll be adding them soon.

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UPSC CPWD Assistant Architect 2023 Question Paper Solved

Certainly! Here are all the questions along with their respective answers:

Which one of the following comes under hydrological disaster?
(a) Volcano
(b) Tsunami
(c) Landslide
(d) Earthquake
Answer: (b) Tsunami (Detailed article link)
Match the following:
Group A Group B
(Disaster) (Ministry)
P. Landslide 1. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
Q. Tsunami 2. Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
R. City Floods 3. Ministry of Earth Sciences
S. Industrial 4. Ministry of Mines
Answer: (c) 4 3 1 2
Perceived, Conceived and Lived spaces triad is coined by
(a) Charles Correa
(b) Louis I. Kahn
(c) Henri Lefebvre
(d) Le Corbusier
Answer: (c) Henri Lefebvre (Detailed article link)
Canary Wharf development in London Docklands is an example of
(a) Community development
(b) New urbanism
(c) Globalization of real estate
(d) Classical urbanism
Answer: (c) Globalization of real estate (Detailed article link)
Recommended walkways for outdoor areas should preferably be of
(a) 1800 mm of width with a minimum of 900 mm clearance from any structure without any obstruction.
(b) 1500 mm of width with a minimum of 750 mm clearance from any structure without any obstruction.
(c) 1200 mm of width with a minimum of 900 mm clearance from any structure without any obstruction.
(d) 800 mm at least without any obstruction.
Answer: (a) 1800 mm of width with a minimum of 900 mm clearance from any structure without any obstruction.
The eccentricity index of a city is defined as
(a) the percentage of the distance between the CBD and the center of gravity of the population over the average distance per person to the CBD.
(b) the ratio between the average distance per person to the CBD and the average distance to the center of gravity of a circle whose area would be equal to the built-up area.
(c) the ratio between the average distance per person to the CBD and the area of the city.
(d) the percentage of the distance between the CBD and the area of the city.
Answer: (b) the ratio between the average distance per person to the CBD and the average distance to the center of gravity of a circle whose area would be equal to the built-up area. (Detailed Article link)
In transit-oriented development,
(a) transit stop is not preferred along the arterial road.
(b) core commercial zone is preferred at the center of the neighborhood.
(c) maximum of twenty percent should be provided.
(d) recommended walkways for outdoor areas should preferably be of 1800 mm of width with a minimum of 900 mm clearance from any structure without any obstruction.
Answer: (b) core commercial zone is preferred at the center of the neighborhood.(Detailed article link)
Outbreaks of Legionella disease which have been attributed to the growth of bacteria in stagnant water in wet cooling towers, are an example of
(a) bad design of air-conditioning.
(b) sick building syndrome.
(c) climate change affecting the building services.
(d) post-pandemic building services failures.
Answer: (d) post-pandemic building services failures. (Detailed Article link)
Which one of the following is not associated with legal construction?
(a) Urban sprawl
(b) Conurbation
(c) Urban explosion
(d) Industrial explosion
Answer: (a) Urban sprawl (Detailed article link)
Match the following:
Group A Group B
(Renowned Architects) (Philosophical Approaches)
P. Richard Rogers 1. Towards a Critical Regionalism
Q. Hassan Fathy 2. Beliefs in Technology and Scientific Research as a foundation and tool for Architecture
R. Kenneth Frampton 3. Turned to traditional forms and methods of construction, seeking both to accommodate the needs of the community and to hint at a way to being a revived tradition of building
Answer: (d) 2 1 3
A famous book, “The Disappearing City” is written by
(a) Frank Lloyd Wright
(b) Doxiadis
(c) Ebenezer Howard
(d) Gordon Cullen
Answer: (a) Frank Lloyd Wright (Detailed article link)
Excellent integration between structural and decorative design is reflected in the work of
(a) Philip Johnson
(b) Charles Correa
(c) Antoni Gaudi
(d) Alvar Aalto
Answer: (c) Antoni Gaudi (Detailed article link)
Bauhaus school of thought was given by
(a) Walter Gropius
(b) Le Corbusier
(c) Alvar Aalto
(d) Louis Sullivan
Answer: (a) Walter Gropius (Detailed article link)
Consider the following quantities of brickwork and plastering required in a wall 4 m long, 3 m high and 30 cm thick. What is the total cost if the rate of brickwork is ₹1200 per cu.m and of plastering is ₹20 per sq.m?
(a) ₹4320
(b) ₹480
(c) ₹4800
(d) ₹1200
Answer: (c) ₹4800
Which one of the following reflections, directed to the opening of the ear canal, combine vectorially (according to relative amplitudes and phases)?
(a) Reverberation plane
(b) Wavefront
(c) Azimuth
(d) Quarter wave pipe
Answer: (c) Azimuth
The mid/high audible frequencies are called
(a) Emergent frequencies
(b) Specular frequencies(c) Mirror frequencies
(d) Heavy frequencies
Answer: (b) Specular frequencies

Which one of the following equations is correct that shows the relationship between linking velocity of sound (c), wavelength (λ), and frequency (f)?
(a) λ = c/f
(b) λ = c + f
(c) λ = c – f
(d) λ = f/c
Answer: (a) λ = c/f
“Form follows function” – one of the famous slogans widespread in modern design culture is coined by
(a) Louis Sullivan
(b) Anthony Giddens
(c) Henry Van de Velde
(d) Daniel Libeskind
Answer: (a) Louis Sullivan (Detailed article link)
Match the following:
Group A Group B
(Primary Solid Forms) (Description)
P. Sphere 1. A solid generated by the revolution of a right triangle about one side of its sides. A polyhedron having a polygonal base and triangular faces meeting at a common point or vertex.
Q. Cylinder 2. A solid generated by the revolution of a semicircle about its diameter, whose surface is, at all points equidistant from the centre. A solid generated by the revolution of a rectangle about one of its sides. It is centralized about the axis passing through the centres of two circular faces.
R. Pyramid 3. A solid generated by the revolution of a rectangle about one of its sides. It is centralized about the axis passing through the centres of two circular faces.
Answer: (a) 3 4 1
Which one of the following is expressed as the heat potential per unit area, as a calorific value in Joules/m³ ?
(a) Fire load
(b) Specific load
(c) Heat load
(d) Heat mass
Answer: (c) Heat load
Which one of the following is the triangular portion of wall enclosing the end of a pitched roof?
(a) Girder
(b) Motif
(c) Gable
(d) Plenum
Answer: (c) Gable
Which one of the following is a wedge-shaped tread used in circular, spiral, and turning stairs?
(a) Rabbet
(b) Vitreous
(c) Valance
(d) Winder
Answer: (d) Winder
Which of the following buildings is not designed by Le Corbusier?
(a) Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
(b) Taliesin West, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA.
(c) Mill Owners’ Association Building, Ahmedabad, India.
(d) The High Court Chandigarh, Capitol Complex, India.
Answer: (b) Taliesin West, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA.
The natural ventilation principle, evident in the Pantheon of Rome is
(a) exhaust vent
(b) venting tower
(c) wind scoop
(d) windbreak
Answer:d) windbreak (Detailed article link)
Saturation in colors refers to
(a) how light or dark the color appears.
(b) purity of the color.
(c) appearance of the color.
(d) blackness of the color.
Answer: (b) purity of the color. (Detailed article link)
Which one of the following is a measure of resistance to the motion of sound waves in a medium?
(a) Wavelength
(b) Frequency
(c) Absorption coefficient
(d) Impedance
Answer: (c) Absorption coefficient
Match the following:
Group A Group B
(Renowned Architects) (Philosophical Approaches)
P. Richard Rogers 1. Towards a Critical Regionalism
Q. Hassan Fathy 2. Beliefs in Technology and Scientific Research as a foundation and tool for Architecture
R. Kenneth Frampton 3. Turned to traditional forms and methods of construction, seeking both to accommodate the needs of the community and to hint at a way to being a revived tradition of building
Answer: (d) 2 1 3
A famous book, “The Disappearing City” is written by
(a) Frank Lloyd Wright
(b) Doxiadis
(c) Ebenezer Howard
(d) Gordon Cullen
Answer: (a) Frank Lloyd Wright (Detailed article link)
Excellent integration between structural and decorative design reflects in the work of
(a) Philip Johnson
(b) Charles Correa
(c) Antoni Gaudi
(d) Alvar Aalto Answer-(c) Antoni Gaudi

Bauhaus school of thought was given by
(a) Walter Gropius
(b) Le Corbusier
(c) Alvar Aalto
(d) Louis Sullivan
Answer: (a) Walter Gropius (Detailed article link)
Consider the following quantities of brickwork and plastering required in a wall 4 m long, 3 m high and 30 cm thick. What is the total cost if the rate of brickwork is ₹1200 per cu.m and of plastering is ₹20 per sq.m?
(a) ₹4320
(b) ₹480
(c) ₹4800
(d) ₹1200
Answer: (c) ₹4800
Which one of the following reflections, directed to the opening of the ear canal, combine vectorially (according to relative amplitudes and phases)?
(a) Reverberation plane
(b) Wavefront
(c) Azimuth
(d) Quarter wave pipe
Answer: (c) Azimuth
The mid/high audible frequencies are called
(a) Emergent frequencies
(b) Spectular frequencies
(c) Mirror frequencies
(d) Heavy frequencies
Answer: (b) Spectular frequencies
“Form follows function” – one of the famous slogans widespread in modern design culture, is coined by
(a) Louis Sullivan
(b) Anthony Giddens
(c) Henry Van de Velde
(d) Daniel Libeskind
Answer: (a) Louis Sullivan
Match the following:
Group A Group B
(Primary Solid Forms) (Description)
P. Sphere 1. A solid generated by the revolution of a right triangle about one side of its sides. A polyhedron having a polygonal base and triangular faces meeting at a common point or vertex.
Q. Cylinder 2. A solid generated by the revolution of a semicircle about its diameter, whose surface is, at all points equidistant from the centre. A solid generated by the revolution of a rectangle about one of its sides. It is centralized about the axis passing through the centres of two circular faces.
R. Pyramid 3. A solid generated by the revolution of a rectangle about one of its sides. It is centralized about the axis passing through the centres of two circular faces.
Answer: (a) 3 4 1
Which one of the following indexes is the temperature of calm air at 50 percent relative humidity which imparts the same thermal sensation as the given environment?
(a) Temperature humidity index
(b) Thermal sensation index
(c) Heat stress index
(d) Tropical summer index
Answer: (a) Temperature humidity index
Which one of the following is the measure of total heat energy in a refrigerant for every degree of temperature (kJ/kg°C)?
(a) Latent heat
(b) Entropy
(c) Specific heat
(d) Enthalpy
Answer: (d) Enthalpy
Index of thermal stress is based on
(a) cooling rate produced by sweating.
(b) the subjective thermal factors.
(c) overheated conditions.
(d) cavity resistances.
Answer: (a) cooling rate produced by sweating.
Which one of the following is the method of determining relationships between design intentions, possible actions and their effects or feedbacks to the user systems?
(a) Natural mapping
(b) Computational modelling
(c) Architectural simulation
(d) System dynamics
Answer: (d) System dynamics
Which one of the following is an area of uniform environmental conditions providing a living place for a specific assemblage of plants and animals?
(a) Biotope
(b) Biodiversity hotspot
(c) Patch
(d) Ecosensitive area
Answer: (a) Biotope
“Gaia Theory” stating that the biosphere contributes to the stability of the planet’s physical processes, such as temperature, ocean water salt levels, etc., allowing life to flourish, is proposed by
(a) Ian McHarg
(b) Christopher Alexander
(c) James Lovelock
(d) Madhav Gadgil
Answer: (c) James Lovelock
Phosphate pollution of rivers and lakes causes the algal bloom which reduces dissolved oxygen in water and disrupts the food chain. The process is called
(a) Oligotrophy
(b) Desertification
(c) Fermentation
(d) Eutrophication
Answer: (d) Eutrophication
Which one of the following is elevated temperatures in urban areas caused by heat fluxes due to the presence of buildings, roads, and so on, and to emissions of pollutants?
(a) Greenhouse effect
(b) Carbon trapping
(c) Heat island effect
(d) Physical weathering
Answer: (c) Heat island effect
As per the Gazette notification, 18th December 2012, which of the following river stretch has been declared as an eco-sensitive zone from an ecological and environmental point of view?
(a) Bhagirathi from Gaumukh to Uttarkashi
(b) Ganga from Haridwar to Roorkee
(c) Pennar River from Somasila to Nellore
(d) Krishna River from Srisailam to Vijayawada
Answer: (a) Bhagirathi from Gaumukh to Uttarkashi
Ken Yeang proposes an eco master planning approach that requires the biointegration of four-coded infrastructural armatures. They are Red, Blue, Green, and Grey. The color Grey indicates
(a) the eco infrastructure provided by nature.
(b) the water infrastructure associated with systems of drainage, hydrological systems, and water assets.
(c) the engineering infrastructure of roads, utilities, and other support systems for human life.
(d) the human infrastructure of buildings, spaces, activities.
Answer: (c) the engineering infrastructure of roads, utilities, and other support systems for human life.
As per Model Building Bye-laws 2016, the minimum plot size for low-income group housing shall be not less than
(a) 20 sq.m
(b) 30 sq.m
(c) 10 sq.m
(d) 15 sq.m
Answer: (c) 10 sq.m
As per Model Building Bye-laws 2016, for Resettlement and Slum in-situ upgradation, the net density shall be up to
(a) 900 Tenements/ Hectare
(b) 350 Tenements/ Hectare
(c) 250 Tenements/ Hectare
(d) 400 Tenements/ Hectare
Answer: (a) 900 Tenements/ Hectare

Question 1: As per Model Building Bye-laws 2016, the minimum plot size for low income group housing shall be not less than
(a) 20 sq.m
(b) 30 sq.m
(c) 10 sq.m
(d) 15 sq.m
Answer: (c) 10 sq.m

Question 2: As per Model Building Bye-laws 2016, for Resettlement and Slum in-situ upgradation, the net density shall be up to
(a) 300 Tenements/Hectare
(b) 350 Tenements/Hectare
(c) 250 Tenements/Hectare
(d) 400 Tenements/Hectare
Answer: (b) 350 Tenements/Hectare

Question 3: The Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation guidelines define affordable housing for EWS and LIG categories with dwelling units size ranging from
(a) 21 sq.m to 60 sq.m carpet area
(b) 10 sq.m to 20 sq.m carpet area
(c) 60 sq.m to 80 sq.m carpet area
(d) 80 sq.m to 100 sq.m carpet area
Answer: (a) 21 sq.m to 60 sq.m carpet area

Question 4: In 2017, the Bureau of Energy Efficiency launched a new version of the code, Energy Conservation Building Code. One of the major updates of the code is the inclusion of incremental, voluntary energy performance levels. ECBC plus compliant building has approximately
(a) 15% more savings as compared to conventional building.
(b) 25% more savings as compared to conventional building.
(c) 35% more savings as compared to conventional building.
(d) 50% more savings as compared to conventional building.
Answer: (b) 25% more savings as compared to conventional building.

Question 5: As per the National Building Code, Group housing consists of
(a) More than one dwelling unit, where land is owned jointly and construction is undertaken by one agency.
(b) More than two dwelling units, where land is owned jointly and construction is also undertaken jointly.
(c) More than eight dwelling units, where land is owned jointly and construction is also undertaken jointly.
(d) More than eight dwelling units, where land is owned jointly and construction is undertaken by one agency.
Answer: (d) More than eight dwelling units, where land is owned jointly and construction is undertaken by one agency.

Question 6: Net residential density includes
(a) Area occupied only by the housing.
(b) Area occupied only by the housing and also the private gardens, parking spaces, access roads within the site.
(c) Area occupied by the housing, private gardens, access roads within the site, parking spaces adjacent to the site.
(d) Area occupied by the housing, private gardens, parking spaces, access roads within the site, and half the width of surrounding roads.
Answer: (c) Area occupied by the housing, private gardens, access roads within the site, parking spaces adjacent to the site.

Question 7: Which one of the following International Charter is focused on the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites?
(a) ‘Burra Charter, 2013
(b) Venice Charter, 1964
(c) Washington Charter, 1987
(d) Charter on Built Vernacular Heritage, 1999
Answer: (b) Venice Charter, 1964

Question 8: Which one of the following Acts is to provide for the preservation of ancient and historical monuments and archaeological sites and remains of national importance, for the regulation of archaeological excavations and for the protection of sculptures, carvings, and other like objects?
(a) The Architects Act, 1972
(b) The AMASR Act, 1958
(c) The Public Records Act, 1993
(d) The Indian Trusts Act, 1882
Answer: (b) The AMASR Act, 1958

Question 9: The recreation of missing parts and structure of a cultural property to represent a known earlier state is called
(a) Preservation
(b) Renovation
(c) Restoration
(d) Reconstruction
Answer: (d) Reconstruction

Question 10: Which one of the following is the degree of 82. Which one of the following theories has been influential in
(a) Chroma
(b) Hue
(c) Value
(d) Saturation
Answer: (c) Value

Question 11: Which one of the following is a continuous molding that crowns or horizontally divides a wall?
(a) Cornice
(b) Cove
(c) Dado
(d) Beam
Answer: (a) Cornice

Question 12: Which one of the following is a measure of the brightness of a light source or an illuminated surface?
(a) Lumen
(b) Illumination
(c) Lux
(d) Luminance
Answer: (a) Lumen

Question 13: Which one of the following is a continuous recess that visually separates the meeting of two planes and articulates their edges by the shadow lines they create?
(a) Skirting
(b) Dado
(c) Shape
(d) Reveal
Answer: (d) Reveal

Question 14: Which one of the following is the key proponent of seven principles of universal design that is also widely applied in the design of interior spaces as well as outdoor environments?
(a) Ronald Mace
(b) Marion Roberts
(c) Nabeel Hamdi
(d) Frank Lloyd Wright
Answer: (a) Ronald Mace

Question 15: Possible solutions to problems of reflected glare include:
(a) Locate the light source away from the viewer
(b) Use properly shielded or baffled lighting fixtures
(c) Diffuse light sources and reduce the brightness ratio
(d) Lower the level of general overhead lighting and supplement it with localized task light closer to the work surface
Answer: (d) Lower the level of general overhead lighting and supplement it with localized task light closer to the work surface

Question 16: Understanding landscape experience and informing many aspects such as edges, foci, and thresholds is a theory known as:
(a) Prospect and Refuge Theory
(b) Genius Loci Theory
(c) Central Place Theory
(d) Sense of Place Theory
Answer: (a) Prospect and Refuge Theory

Question 17: Which one of the following provides to describe design principles and elements, that is, contrast, symmetry, wideness and constriction, threshold and vistas, which can help the designer to control spatial compositions in design?
(a) Imageability
(b) Theories of Gestaltung
(c) Figure-ground thinking
(d) Bauhaus techniques
Answer: (b) Theories of Gestaltung

Question 18: Which one of the following seeks to highlight the importance of landscape architecture for determining urban form and seeing the landscape as the framework that defines cities?
(a) Smart city
(b) Ecocity design
(c) Green urbanism
(d) Landscape urbanism
Answer: (d) Landscape urbanism

Question 19: Which one of the following is a measurement of the lightness or darkness of a color in relation to white and

black?
(a) Chroma
(b) Saturation
(c) Value
(d) Hue
Answer: (c) Value

Question 20: The development of molding that crowns or horizontally divides a wall is known as:
(a) Cornice
(b) Cove
(c) Dado
(d) Beam
Answer: (a) Cornice

Question 21: What is the measurement of the circumference of the trunk of a tree at 1-4 meters above ground level called?
(a) Girth of the tree
(b) Canopy of the tree
(c) Size of the tree
(d) Grade of the tree
Answer: (a) Girth of the tree

Question 22: Which one of the following is the lowest inside point of a pipe culvert or channel?
(a) Invert
(b) Ingress
(c) Dip
(d) Depression
Answer: (a) Invert

Question 23: Which one of the following plants is established as part of the flora of a locale other than its place of origin?
(a) Native plant
(b) Invasive plant
(c) Endemic plant
(d) Naturalized plant
Answer: (d) Naturalized plant

Question 24: Which one of the following is a measure of the amount of energy released during an earthquake?
(a) Earthquake magnitude
(b) Fault
(c) Isoseismal
(d) Epicentral distance
Answer: (a) Earthquake magnitude

Question 25: Consider the following statements regarding earthquake-prone areas:

Adobe walls are commonly used.
Diagonal cracks lead from the edges of windows to the bottom.
If the wall between window and door or between opening and corner is not long enough.
The earthquake-prone areas are suitable for these statements.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1, 2, and 3 only
(b) 1, 3, and 4 only
(c) 2, 3, and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3, and 4
Answer: (b) 1, 3, and 4 only

Question 26: Which one of the following reasons is not correct for buildings shaped like a box, such as rectangular or square, both in plan and elevation, being inherently stronger than ones that are L-shaped or U-shaped?
(a) Asymmetric compositions can present local deformations.
(b) Local deformations in asymmetric compositions are caused due to the presence of re-entrant corners and excessive openings.
(c) Box-shaped buildings can present ideal seismic behavior because they have same displacements at every point in the slab.
(d) Box-shaped buildings can present ideal seismic behavior because they have different displacements at every point in the slab.
Answer: (c) Box-shaped buildings can present ideal seismic behavior because they have same displacements at every point in the slab.

Question 27: Acronym ‘PRASAC’ represents
(a) Conservation, protective and intervening measures
(b) Construction of housing for slums
(c) Development of urban transport infrastructure
(d) Preservation of water bodies
Answer: (a) Conservation, protective and intervening measures

Question 28: Which one of the following is saving the property from fire or other damages?
(a) Destruction
(b) Salvage
(c) Preservation
(d) Refurbishment
Answer: (b) Salvage

Question 29: Traditional Stucco is a mixture of
(a) Cement, sand, and lime
(b) Lime and cement
(c) Cement and surkhi
(d) Lime, spirit, and sand
Answer: (a) Cement, sand, and lime

Question 30: Wattle and Daub wall system is suitable for
(a) Damp-proofing
(b) Sound insulation
(c) Thermal insulation
(d) Moisture protection
Answer: (c) Thermal insulation

Question 31: In the context of Building Automation Systems, ATAMS is known as
(a) Automated Technical – Architectural Mechanical Services
(b) Automated Asset Management System
(c) Automated Architectural Management System
(d) Autonomous Advantage Modular System
Answer: (b) Automated Asset Management System

Question 32: In building automation systems, control loop hunting refers to
(a) Problem with the loop tuning parameters of the control loop which exhibits itself during off-hours.
(b) Problem with the loop tuning which exhibits itself during full load situations.
(c) Problem with the control loop which exhibits itself during extreme load on the building services.
(d) Problem with the control loop with the Information Technology system of the building.
Answer: (b) Problem with the loop tuning which exhibits itself during full load situations.

Question 33: Building control systems with the ultimate goal of standardization and interoperability are known as
(a) BACnet
(b) LEED
(c) SHRA
(d) ANSI
Answer: (a) BACnet

Question 34: Stand-alone sensors connected to virtual networks will wake up on demand and send us information only when required. In the paragraph above, the best way to achieve the mentioned objective is
(a) Energy-harvesting technique
(b) Use of conventional energy
(c) Latent energy
(d) Lithium battery stored energy
Answer: (a) Energy-harvesting technique

Question 35: Which of the following is not considered a part of building automation?
(a) Fire and smoke detectors
(b) Occupancy sensors to control lighting
(c) Thermostats to control room temperature
(d) Wireless sensors
Answer: (d) Wireless sensors

Question 36: Which one of the following disaster agencies is responsible to provide human resource development and capacity building for disaster management?
(a) NDMA
(b) NDRF
(c) NIDM
(d) NCMC
Answer: (c) NIDM

Question 37: “Densities below three to four dwelling units per acre, auto dependency, a road system designed to minimize traffic residential areas, single-use zoning, discontinuous developments, and stand-alone buildings” essentially trigger the phenomenon of

(a) Legal construction
(b) Urban sprawl
(c) Conurbation
(d) Urban explosion
Answer: (b) Urban sprawl

Question 38: The development of molding that crowns or horizontally divide a wall is known as:
(a) Cornice
(b) Cove
(c) Dado
(d) Beam
Answer: (a) Cornice

Question 39: Which one of the following is the maximum population size of a species that an ecosystem or habitat can support indefinitely?
(a) Maximum city
(b) Sustainability
(c) Carrying capacity
(d) Biomagnification
Answer: (c) Carrying capacity

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