What is construction Steel ?
Steel consists mostly of iron, with a carbon content under 2%, and various other elements.
Construction steel refers to various steel materials used in construction projects, including various materials used for steel structures (such as round steel, angle steel, joint steel, and steel pipe), plates, and steel bars, steel wires, and strands used in the concrete structure.
Steel is the material produced under strict technical conditions, and it has the following advantages: even materials, stable properties, high strength, certain plasticity and toughness, and the properties to bear impacts and vibration loads, and can be welded, riveted, or screwed; the disadvantages are: easy to be corroded and high cost of repairs.
These characteristics determine that steel is one of the important materials needed by economic construction departments. In construction, the steel structures consisted of steel in various shapes have high security and light deadweight, used for large-span and high-rise structures. However, because every department needs a large amount of steel, the wide use of steel structures is limited to some extent. But though concrete structures have a heavy deadweight, the usage of steel is decreased greatly, and it can overcome the corrosion and high cost of repairs of steel. Thus, steel is widely used in concrete structures.
Characteristics of Construction Steel
The characteristics of steel include strength, elasticity, plasticity, toughness, and rigidity.
1. Tensile Strength
The tensile strength of structural steel includes yield strength, breaking strength, tensile strength, and fatigue strength. The yield strength is very important when using steel. When the actual stress of a structure reaches the yield point, irreparable deformations occur that are not allowed in constructions. Thus, the yield strength is the main basis for determining the allowable stress in steel.
This is the ultimate tensile stress that steel can bear under the role of tensile strength, tensile strength cannot directly be the calculated basis, but the ratio of yield strength to tensile strength is the ratio of elasticity.
2. Elasticity
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When steel is subjected to a dead load and the ratio of stress to strain in the elastic stage is called elasticity. The larger E, the greater the stress that causes its deformation; and under certain loads, the elastic deformation is all the less. In projects, the modulus of elasticity reflects the stiffness of the steel, which is an important value for calculating the elongation of a loaded structure.
3. Plasticity
Structural steel must have good plasticity. In projects, the plasticity of steel is usually expressed in terms of stretching (or contraction) and cold bending.
4. Impact Durability
Impact strength refers to the property that steel can withstand loads without being damaged. It is regulated that the impact resistance is expressed by the work done on the unit area of the damaged notch when the notched standard specimen is struck by the pendulum of the impact test.
5. Rigidity
Rigidity or stiffness is the property of withstanding plastic deformation when a hard object is driven into steel in the partial volume of the surface, often in connection with tensile strength.
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